ISO 2878:2011 specifies a method of test to determine the electrical resistance of antistatic and conductive products manufactured wholly or in part from rubber whose electrical resistance measured between defined points, when new, does not exceed 3 x 108 ohms and whose conductivity is derived from the addition of carbon black and/or other appropriate substances to the bulk of the material. It specifies the electrode configuration for basic geometries, but reference should be made to relevant product specifications for requirements for specific products. It does not apply to: 1.products the relevant surfaces of which are composed of mixtures of insulating and conductive areas; 2.products with a substantial surface area of insulating material, except for footwear (which does not normally have a conductive or antistatic upper).